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Affenpinscher
Afghan Hound
African Village Dog
Airedale Terrier
Akita
Akita Inu Also known as Japanese Akita
Alaskan Klee Kai
Alaskan Malamute
Alaskan-type Husky
American Bulldog
American English Coonhound Also known as Redtick Coonhound, English Coonhound
American Eskimo Dog
American Foxhound
American Hairless Terrier
American Leopard Hound
American Pit Bull Terrier
American Staffordshire Terrier
American Village Dog
American Water Spaniel
Anatolian Shepherd Dog Also known as Kangal
Appenzeller Sennenhund
Arabian Village Dog
Armenian Gampr
Australian Cattle Dog Also known as Blue Heeler
Australian Kelpie
Australian Shepherd
Australian Terrier
Azawakh
Barbet
Basenji
Basset Fauve de Bretagne
Basset Hound
Bavarian Mountain Scent Hound Also known as Bavarian Mountain Hound
Beagle
Bearded Collie
Beauceron
Bedlington Terrier
Belgian Laekenois
Belgian Malinois
Belgian Sheepdog Also known as Groenendael
Belgian Tervuren
Bergamasco Sheepdog
Berger Picard
Bernese Mountain Dog
Bichon Frise
Biewer Terrier
Black Russian Terrier
Black and Tan Coonhound
Bloodhound
Blue Lacy
Blue Picardy Spaniel
Bluetick Coonhound
Boerboel Also known as South African Mastiff
Bohemian Shepherd
Bolognese
Border Collie
Border Terrier
Borzoi
Boston Terrier
Bouvier des Flandres
Boxer
Boykin Spaniel
Bracco Italiano
Braque D'Auvergne
Braque Du Bourbonnais
Braque Francais Pyrenean
Briard
Brittany
Brussels Griffon
Bull Terrier
Bulldog Also known as English Bulldog
Bullmastiff
Cairn Terrier
Canaan Dog
Canadian Eskimo Dog
Cane Corso
Cane Di Fonni
Cardigan Welsh Corgi
Carolina Dog Also known as American Dingo
Catahoula Leopard Dog
Caucasian Ovcharka Also known as Caucasian Shepherd Dog
Cavalier King Charles Spaniel
Central Asian Shepherd Dog
Central Asian Village Dog
Central and East African Village Dog
Cesky Fousek
Cesky Terrier
Chesapeake Bay Retriever
Chihuahua
Chinese Chongqing Dog
Chinese Crested
Chinese Shar-Pei
Chinese Village Dog
Chinook
Chow Chow
Cimarron Uruguayo
Cirneco Dell'Etna
Clumber Spaniel
Cocker Spaniel
Collie
Colombian Fino Hound
Coton de Tulear
Coyote
Curly-Coated Retriever
Czechoslovakian Vlcak
Dachshund Also known as Dachshund (Miniature), Dachshund (Standard)
Dalmatian
Dandie Dinmont Terrier
Danish-Swedish Farmdog
Dingo
Doberman Pinscher
Dogo Argentino
Dogue de Bordeaux Also known as French Mastiff
Drentsche Patrijshond
Dutch Shepherd
East Asian Village Dog
Eastern European Village Dog
English Cocker Spaniel
English Foxhound
English Setter
English Shepherd
English Springer Spaniel
English Toy Spaniel
Entlebucher Mountain Dog
Eurasier
European Village Dog
Field Spaniel
Fila Brasileiro
Finnish Lapphund
Finnish Spitz
Flat-Coated Retriever
Formosan Mountain Dog Also known as Taiwan Dog
French Bulldog
French Spaniel
German Longhaired Pointer Also known as Deutsch Langhaar
German Pinscher
German Shepherd Dog
German Shorthaired Pointer
German Spitz
German Wirehaired Pointer
Giant Schnauzer
Glen of Imaal Terrier
Golden Retriever
Gordon Setter
Grand Basset Griffon Vendeen
Gray Wolf
Great Dane
Great Pyrenees
Greater Swiss Mountain Dog
Greenland Dog Also known as Greenland Sledge Dog
Greyhound
Hamiltonstovare
Harrier
Havanese
Hokkaido
Hong Kong Village Dog
Hovawart
Ibizan Hound
Icelandic Sheepdog
Indian Indigenous Dog
Irish Red and White Setter
Irish Setter
Irish Terrier
Irish Water Spaniel
Irish Wolfhound
Istrian Shorthaired Hound
Italian Greyhound
Jagdterrier
Jamthund
Japanese Chin
Japanese or Korean Village Dog
Jindo
Kai Ken
Karakachan
Karelian Bear Dog
Keeshond
Kerry Blue Terrier
Kishu Ken
Komondor
Koolie Also known as German Coolie, Australian Koolie
Kuvasz
Labrador Retriever
Lagotto Romagnolo
Lakeland Terrier
Lancashire Heeler
Lapponian Herder
Leonberger
Levriero Meridionale
Lhasa Apso
Llewellin Setter
Lowchen
Maltese
Manchester Terrier (Standard)
Manchester Terrier (Toy)
Maremma Sheepdog
Markiesje Also known as Dutch Tulip Hound
Mastiff Also known as English Mastiff
McNab
Melanesian Village Dog
Mi-Ki
Middle Eastern Village Dog
Miniature Bull Terrier
Miniature Pinscher
Miniature Schnauzer
Miniature/MAS-type Australian Shepherd Also known as Miniature Australian Shepherd, Australian Shepherd
Mountain Cur
Mudi
Munsterlander (Large)
Munsterlander (Small)
Murray River Retriever Also known as Murray River Curly Coated Retriever
Neapolitan Mastiff
Nederlandse Kooikerhondje
New Guinea Singing Dog
New Zealand Huntaway
Newfoundland
Norfolk Terrier
Norrbottenspets
Northern East African Village Dog
Norwegian Buhund
Norwegian Elkhound
Norwegian Lundehund
Norwich Terrier
Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever
Old English Sheepdog
Otterhound
Papillon
Pekingese
Pembroke Welsh Corgi
Perdiguero de Burgos
Perro de Presa Canario
Peruvian Inca Orchid
Petit Basset Griffon Vendeen
Pharaoh Hound
Phu Quoc Ridgeback
Picardy Spaniel
Plott
Pointer Also known as English Pointer
Polish Lowland Sheepdog
Polish Tatra Sheepdog
Polynesian Village Dog
Pomeranian
Poodle (Small) Also known as Toy Poodle, Miniature Poodle
Poodle (Standard)
Portuguese Podengo
Portuguese Podengo Pequeno
Portuguese Pointer
Portuguese Water Dog
Prague Ratter
Pudelpointer
Pug
Puli
Pumi
Pungsan
Pyrenean Mastiff
Pyrenean Shepherd
Rat Terrier
Redbone Coonhound
Rhodesian Ridgeback
Rottweiler
Russell-type Terrier Also known as Jack Russell Terrier, Parson Russell Terrier, Russell Terrier
Russian Toy
Russian Tsvetnaya Bolonka
Saint Bernard
Saluki
Samoyed
Sarplaninac
Schapendoes
Schipperke
Scottish Deerhound
Scottish Terrier
Sealyham Terrier
Shetland Sheepdog
Shiba Inu
Shih Tzu
Shikoku
Shiloh Shepherd
Siberian Husky
Silken Windhound
Silky Terrier
Skye Terrier
Sloughi
Slovensky Cuvac
Smooth Fox Terrier
Soft Coated Wheaten Terrier
South Asian Village Dog Also known as Indian Indigenous Dog
Southeast Asian Island Village Dog
Southeast Asian Village Dog
Spanish Galgo
Spanish Mastiff
Spanish Water Dog
Spinone Italiano
Stabyhoun
Staffordshire Bull Terrier
Standard Schnauzer
Sussex Spaniel
Swedish Lapphund
Swedish Vallhund
Teddy Roosevelt Terrier
Terrier Brasileiro Also known as Brazilian Terrier
Thai Bangkaew
Thai Ridgeback
Tibetan Mastiff
Tibetan Spaniel
Tibetan Terrier
Tosa (Inu)
Toy Fox Terrier
Treeing Walker Coonhound
Vietnamese Village Dog
Vizsla
Volpino Italiano
Weimaraner
Welsh Sheepdog
Welsh Springer Spaniel
Welsh Terrier
West African Village Dog
West Asian Village Dog Also known as Middle Eastern Village Dog
West Highland White Terrier
West Siberian Laika
Western European Village Dog
Wetterhoun Also known as Frisian Water Dog
Whippet
White Shepherd Also known as White Swiss Shepherd, Berger Blanc Suisse
Windsprite Also known as Longhaired Whippet, Silken Windsprite
Wire Fox Terrier
Wirehaired Pointing Griffon
Wirehaired Vizsla
Xoloitzcuintli Also known as Mexican Hairless
Yakutian Laika
Yorkshire Terrier
Full list of over 250+ health conditions we test for in every kit, in over 16 different areas. Search our database by breed or health condition using the fields below.
The E Locus determines if and where a dog can produce dark (black or brown) hair. Dogs with two copies of the recessive e allele do not produce dark hairs at all, and will be “red” over their entire body. The shade of red, which can range from a deep copper to yellow/gold to cream, is dependent on other genetic factors including the Intensity (I) Locus, which has yet to be genetically mapped. In addition to determining if a dog can develop dark hairs at all, the E Locus can give a dog a black “mask” or “widow’s peak,” unless the dog has overriding coat color genetic factors. Dogs with one or two copies of the Em allele usually have a melanistic mask (dark facial hair as commonly seen in the German Shepherd and Pug). Dogs with no copies of Em but one or two copies of the Eg allele usually have a melanistic "widow's peak" (dark forehead hair as commonly seen in the Afghan Hound and Borzoi, where it is called either “grizzle” or “domino”).
Learn More: http://www.doggenetics.co.uk/masks.html
Citations: Schmutz et al 2003,Dreger and Schmutz 2010,Ollivier et al 2017The K Locus KB allele “overrides” the A Locus, meaning that it prevents the A Locus genotype from affecting coat color. For this reason, the KB allele is referred to as the “dominant black” allele. As a result, dogs with at least one KB allele will usually have solid black or brown coats (or red/cream coats if they are ee at the E Locus) regardless of their genotype at the A Locus, although several other genes could impact the dog’s coat and cause other patterns, such as white spotting. Dogs with the kyky genotype will show a coat color pattern based on the genotype they have at the A Locus.
Learn More: http://www.doggenetics.co.uk/black.htm
Citations: Candille et al 2007The A Locus controls switching between black and red pigment in hair cells, but it will only be expressed in dogs that are not ee at the E Locus and are kyky at the K Locus. Sable (also called “Fawn”) dogs have a mostly or entirely red coat with some interspersed black hairs. Agouti (also called “Wolf Sable”) dogs have red hairs with black tips, mostly on their head and back. Black and tan dogs are mostly black or brown with lighter patches on their cheeks, eyebrows, chest, and legs. Recessive black dogs have solid-colored black or brown coats.
Learn More: http://www.doggenetics.co.uk/tan.html
Citations: Berryere et al 2005,Dreger and Schmutz 2011Dogs with two copies of the d allele will have all black pigment lightened (“diluted”) to gray, or brown pigment lightened to lighter brown in their hair, skin, and sometimes eyes. There are many breed-specific names for these dilute colors, such as “blue”, “charcoal”, “fawn”, “silver”, and “Isabella”. Note that dilute dogs have a higher incidence of Color Dilution Alopecia, especially in certain breeds. Dogs with one copy of the d allele will not be dilute, but can pass the d allele on to their puppies.
Learn More: http://www.doggenetics.co.uk/dilutes.html
Citations: Drogemuller et al 2007,Bauer et al 2018Dogs with two copies of the b allele produce brown pigment instead of black in both their hair and skin. Dogs with one copy of the b allele will produce black pigment, but can pass the b allele on to their puppies. E Locus ee dogs that carry two b alleles will have red or cream coats, but have brown noses, eye rims, and footpads (sometimes referred to as "Dudley Nose" in Labrador Retrievers). “Liver” or “chocolate” is the preferred color term for brown in most breeds; in the Doberman Pinscher it is referred to as “red”.
Learn More: http://www.doggenetics.co.uk/liver.html
Citations: Schmutz et al 2002The "Saddle Tan" pattern causes the black hairs to recede into a "saddle" shape on the back, leaving a tan face, legs, and belly, as a dog ages. The Saddle Tan pattern is characteristic of breeds like the Corgi, Beagle, and German Shepherd. Dogs that have the II genotype at this locus are more likely to be mostly black with tan points on the eyebrows, muzzle, and legs as commonly seen in the Doberman Pinscher and the Rottweiler. This gene modifies the A Locus at allele, so dogs that do not express at are not influenced by this gene.
Citations: Dreger et al 2013Merle coat patterning is common to several dog breeds including the Australian Shepherd, Catahoula Leopard
Dog, and Shetland Sheepdog, among many others. Merle arises from an unstable SINE insertion (which we term
the "M*" allele) that disrupts activity of the pigmentary gene PMEL, leading to mottled or patchy coat
color. Dogs with an M*m result are likely to be phenotypically merle or could be "phantom" merle,
that is, they have a merle allele that does not affect coat color. Dogs with an M*M* result are
likely to be phenotypically merle or double merle. Dogs with an mm result have no merle alleles and
are unlikely to have a merle coat pattern.
Note that Embark does not currently distinguish between
the recently described cryptic, atypical, atypical+, classic, and harlequin merle alleles. Our merle test
only detects the presence, but not the length of the SINE insertion. We do not recommend making breeding
decisions on this result alone. Please pursue further testing for allelic distinction prior to breeding
decisions.
Learn More: http://www.doggenetics.co.uk/merle.html
Citations: Clark et al 2006Dogs with one or two copies of the F allele have “furnishings”: the mustache, beard, and eyebrows characteristic of breeds like the Schnauzer, Scottish Terrier, and Wire Haired Dachshund. A dog with two I alleles will not have furnishings, which is sometimes called an “improper coat” in breeds where furnishings are part of the breed standard. The mutation is a genetic insertion which we measure indirectly using a linkage test highly correlated with the insertion.
Citations: Cadieu et al 2010The FGF5 gene is known to affect hair length in many different species, including cats, dogs, mice, and humans. In dogs, the T allele confers a long, silky haircoat as observed in the Yorkshire Terrier and the Long Haired Whippet. The ancestral G allele causes a shorter coat as seen in the Boxer or the American Staffordshire Terrier. In certain breeds (such as Corgi), the long haircoat is described as “fluff.”
Citations: Housley & Venta 2006,Cadieu et al 2010Dogs with at least one copy of the ancestral C allele, like many Labradors and German Shepherd Dogs, are heavy or seasonal shedders, while those with two copies of the T allele, including many Boxers, Shih Tzus and Chihuahuas, tend to be lighter shedders. Dogs with furnished/wire-haired coats caused by RSPO2 (the furnishings gene) tend to be low shedders regardless of their genotype at this gene.
Citations: Hayward et al 2016Dogs with a long coat and at least one copy of the T allele have a wavy or curly coat characteristic of Poodles and Bichon Frises. Dogs with two copies of the ancestral C allele are likely to have a straight coat, but there are other factors that can cause a curly coat, for example if they at least one F allele for the Furnishings (RSPO2) gene then they are likely to have a curly coat. Dogs with short coats may carry one or two copies of the T allele but still have straight coats.
Citations: Cadieu et al 2010A duplication in the FOXI3 gene causes hairlessness over most of the body as well as changes in tooth shape and number. This mutation occurs in Peruvian Inca Orchid, Xoloitzcuintli (Mexican Hairless), and Chinese Crested (other hairless breeds have different mutations). Dogs with the NDup genotype are likely to be hairless while dogs with the NN genotype are likely to have a normal coat. The DupDup genotype has never been observed, suggesting that dogs with that genotype cannot survive to birth. Please note that this is a linkage test, so it may not be as predictive as direct tests of the mutation in some lines.
Citations: Drogemuller et al 2008Hairlessness in the American Hairless Terrier arises from a mutation in the SGK3 gene. Dogs with the ND genotype are likely to be hairless while dogs with the NN genotype are likely to have a normal coat.
Citations: Parker et al 2016Dogs with two copies DD of this deletion in the SLC45A2 gene have oculocutaneous albinism type 2 (OCA2), also known as Doberman Z Factor Albinism, a recessive condition characterized by severely reduced or absent pigment in the eyes, skin, and hair. Affected dogs sometimes suffer from vision problems due to lack of eye pigment (which helps direct and absorb ambient light) and are prone to sunburn. Dogs with a single copy of the deletion ND will not be affected but can pass the mutation on to their offspring. This particular mutation can be traced back to a single white Doberman Pinscher born in 1976, and it has only been observed in dogs descended from this individual. Please note that this is a linkage test, so it may not be as predictive as direct tests of the mutation in some lines.
Citations: Winkler et al 2014Dogs in medium-length muzzle (mesocephalic) breeds like Staffordshire Terriers and Labradors, and long muzzle (dolichocephalic) breeds like Whippet and Collie have one, or more commonly two, copies of the ancestral C allele. Dogs in many short-length muzzle (brachycephalic) breeds such as the English Bulldog, Pug, and Pekingese have two copies of the derived A allele. At least five different genes affect muzzle length in dogs, with BMP3 being the only one with a known causal mutation. For example, the skull shape of some breeds, including the dolichocephalic Scottish Terrier or the brachycephalic Japanese Chin, appear to be caused by other genes. Thus, dogs may have short or long muzzles due to other genetic factors that are not yet known to science.
Citations: Schoenbeck et al 2012Whereas most dogs have two C alleles and a long tail, dogs with one G allele are likely to
have a bobtail, which is an unusually short or absent tail. This mutation causes natural bobtail in many
breeds including the Pembroke Welsh Corgi, the Australian Shepherd, and the Brittany Spaniel. Dogs with
GG genotypes have not been observed, suggesting that dogs with the GG genotype do not survive
to birth.
Please note that this mutation does not explain every natural bobtail! While certain lineages
of Boston Terrier, English Bulldog, Rottweiler, Miniature Schnauzer, Cavalier King Charles Spaniel, and
Parson Russell Terrier, and Dobermans are born with a natural bobtail, these breeds do not have this
mutation. This suggests that other unknown genetic mutations can also lead to a natural bobtail.
Common in certain breeds such as the Saint Bernard, hind dewclaws are extra, nonfunctional digits located midway between a dog's paw and hock. Dogs with at least one copy of the T allele have about a 50% chance of having hind dewclaws. Note that other (currently unknown to science) mutations can also cause hind dewclaws, so some TT or TC dogs will have hind dewclaws.
Citations: Park et al 2008Embark researchers discovered this large duplication associated with blue eyes in Arctic breeds like Siberian Husky as well as tri-colored (non-merle) Australian Shepherds. Dogs with at least one copy of the duplication (Dup) are more likely to have at least one blue eye. Some dogs with the duplication may have only one blue eye (complete heterochromia) or may not have blue eyes at all; nevertheless, they can still pass the duplication and the trait to their offspring. NN dogs do not carry this duplication, but may have blue eyes due to other factors, such as merle. Please note that this is a linkage test, so it may not be as predictive as direct tests of the mutation in some lines.
Citations: Deane-Coe et al 2018The T allele is associated with heavy muscling along the back and trunk in characteristically "bulky" large-breed dogs including the Saint Bernard, Bernese Mountain Dog, Greater Swiss Mountain Dog, and Rottweiler. The “bulky” T allele is absent from leaner shaped large breed dogs like the Great Dane, Irish Wolfhound, and Scottish Deerhound, which are fixed for the ancestral C allele. Note that this mutation does not seem to affect muscling in small or even mid-sized dog breeds with notable back muscling, including the American Staffordshire Terrier, Boston Terrier, and the English Bulldog.
Citations: Plassais et al 2017This variant is associated with a type of disproportionate dwarfism known as chondrodysplasia (CDPA). CDPA is a breed-defining characteristic of many breeds exhibiting a “short-legged, long-bodied” appearance, such as Corgis, Dachshunds, Basset Hounds, and others. Dogs with the II result display the largest reduction in leg length. Dogs with the NI genotype will have an intermediate leg length, while dogs with the NN result will not exhibit leg shortening due to this variant. A similar genetic variant called the chondrodystrophy (CDDY) variant also plays an important role in shortening the leg length of many breeds. Dog breeds with the shortest legs, like the Corgi, Dachshund, and Basset Hound generally have one or two copies of the CDDY and CDPA variants. CDDY (but not CDPA) is also associated with an increased risk of Type I Intervertebral Disc Disease (IVDD). You can see the CDDY result in the health test results under "Intervertebral Disc Disease Type I".
Citations: Parker et al 2009,Bannasch et al 2022The I allele is associated with smaller body size.
Citations: Sutter et al 2007The A allele is associated with smaller body size.
Citations: Hoopes et al 2012The A allele is associated with smaller body size.
Citations: Rimbault et al 2013The A allele is associated with smaller body size.
Citations: Rimbault et al 2013The T allele is associated with smaller body size.
Citations: Rimbault et al 2013This mutation causes dogs to be especially tolerant of low oxygen environments (hypoxia), such as those found at high elevations. Dogs with at least one A allele are less susceptible to "altitude sickness." This mutation was originally identified in breeds from high altitude areas such as the Tibetan Mastiff.
Citations: Gou et al 2014Our genetic COI measures the proportion of your dog's genome where the genes on the mother’s side are identical by descent to those on the father’s side.
A Dog Leukocyte Antigen (DLA) gene, DRB1 encodes a major histocompatibility complex (MHC) protein involved in the immune response. Some studies have shown associations between certain DRB1 haplotypes and autoimmune diseases such as Addison's disease (hypoadrenocorticism) in certain dog breeds, but these findings have yet to be scientifically validated.
Citations: Gershony et al 2019DQA1 and DQB1 are two tightly linked DLA genes that code for MHC proteins involved in the immune response. A number of studies have shown correlations of DQA-DQB1 haplotypes and certain autoimmune diseases; however, these have not yet been scientifically validated.
Citations: Angles et al 2005Looking for more tests? The $99 price only applies to your introductory test. See pricing below for additional tests.
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